Machining
Spindle speed, feed, cutting data, material removal rate, power, and machining time.
In short: Machining
The machining calculators derive spindle speed, feed rate, material removal rate, cutting force, spindle power and machining time from cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. Stored cutting data are guide values per material group. The tool manufacturer's data and the limits of machine and workholding remain decisive.
Frequently asked questions about Machining
How do you calculate spindle speed from cutting speed?
Use n = vc × 1000 / (π × d), with cutting speed vc in m/min, diameter d in mm and spindle speed n in rpm. A 20 mm cutter needs about 3,183 rpm for 200 m/min.
How are feed per tooth and feed rate related?
For milling, vf = fz × z × n. A cutter with 4 flutes, 0.05 mm feed per tooth and 3,000 rpm therefore runs at 600 mm/min. For turning, vf = f × n with the feed f per revolution.
What is the material removal rate?
The material removal rate Q is the volume removed per minute in cm³/min. For milling, Q = ap × ae × vf / 1000 with depth of cut ap and width of cut ae in mm and vf in mm/min. Together with the material's specific cutting force it gives the required spindle power.
How is the cutting force estimated?
According to Kienzle, Fc = b × h^(1 − mc) × kc1.1, with chip width b, chip thickness h, the material-specific cutting force kc1.1 and the exponent mc. Corrections for rake angle, wear and cutting speed change the value further; the result is an estimate.